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Turns
Inventory turns is a metric that is widely
used by distribution intensive companies to manage and observe trends
in their inventory levels. We are often asked how companies can
increase their inventory turns.
Definition: Inventory turnover is typically calculated by
taking the Annual (last 12 month) COGS and dividing by the Average (or
current) inventory level in dollars.
First, it should be pointed out that there
are some inherent weaknesses in using Inventory Turns as a metric:
1. One issue is that inventory turns is a
historic calculation (ie. it only tells you how many times you turned
inventory over the last 12 months which may or may not be reflective of how
you're going right now). It would be more useful if you knew what you
were turning right now and in the next few weeks. You could then be more
confident in knowing whether your current inventory policies were proper of
if they needed adjustment.
2. The second issue with inventory turns is
that if you use the annual numbers, you are only getting an average
number of turns for the
year. It would be nice if you could see during which parts of the year you are
overstocked and when you are understocked.
3. Finally, companies typically views Turns
as an aggregate number, which may be misleading. Even if the aggregate
number is at your goal, it is very likely that you
are experiencing many out of stocks and overstocks within different
product groupings that may be masked in the rolled up number.
Obviously, high turns are not necessarily good if you
are losing tons of sales through out of stocks in key product groups that
may be masked in the aggregate number.
In putting together a plan to
increase inventory turns, companies should consider the following in
order to properly define and achieve inventory turns goals:
1. First, inventory levels should
track with sales. In other words, inventory levels should rise when
sales demand is higher than average, and they should drop when sales demand
is lower. Unless your sales are flat throughout the year, turns
should be evaluated more frequently than annually. Monthly
evaluations should provide good feedback of how inventory is fluctuating
relative to sales.
2. Maintaining optimal inventory
levels is complicated by seasonal patterns which are often SKU or product
family specific. Evaluations of potential issues should involve
"drilling down" beyond aggregate numbers to see which product groupings are
ramping up in time for seasonal demand and ramping down coming out of the
season.
3. Management of inventory turns is also
complicated by varying lead times, especially long lead times.
Global sourcing requires higher inventory levels, thus lower turns, and
the cost of the increased carrying cost should be factored into the cost
savings offered by the foreign vendor.
4. Large pack sizes should also be
considered in a plan to improve inventory turns. Do you know if
you’re buying 3 months or 12 months of supply when you have to buy 1000
units of an item in a case? Vendors with larger pack sizes, or larger
minimum purchase requirements increase your inventory carrying cost.
5. Costs add another element of
complexity to reducing inventory turns: you don’t want to carry 12
months of supply of really expensive items but you might want to do that
with a really cheap item.
6. Finally, are the buyers getting timely
and actionable information to help them buy the proper quantities?
Typically, it is hard for buyers to be proactive adjusting inventory levels
- for example with big customer orders, subtle increases in trends, or the
latter part of a product's lifecycle (especially if they have a lot of
items to manage).
How the ClearDay Web system increases
turns:
Typically, many items are overstocked.
Buyers use their subjective intuition based on experience and company
philosophies. Even though everyone realizes that there are certainly
costs to carrying inventory, most companies would prefer to carry more weeks
of supply of inventory rather than to stock out and lose sales.
Most academics and inventory practitioners
calculate the carrying costs of inventory to be between 25% and 30% of the
inventory value in dollars. For most companies, millions of dollars
in working capital is tied up in inventory unnecessarily which reduces
profitability and cash flow. But in lieu of a smarter way to manage the
inventory, most companies have come to accept these costs as a given.
However, if an intelligent system designed
to support distribution and retail buyers automatically crunched the numbers each
night, carried the right amount of stock for each item to support company
service level goals, and helped buyers proactively prevent stockouts and
overstock, the overall inventory would go down and sales would go up, increasing inventory turns.
The ClearDay Web system does exactly that, reducing
aggregate inventory dollars relative to sales. The system is designed to buy the
proper quantities for each individual SKU based on its upcoming demand,
seasonal pattern, lead time, sales volatility, pack sizes, EOQ, and many
other variables that are taken into consideration.
ClearDay Web automatically replenishes
inventory levels by item based on projected demand and optimized safety
stock. It
alerts buyers every day to current stock outs and identifies items that may
stock out in the
future so that they can react quickly. Thus lost sales due to stock
outs are significantly
reduced.
Although it increases inventory turns, more
importantly, it automatically enables the buyers to stock the proper levels of inventory
for each item. Thus ClearDay Web also increases service levels and fill
rates.
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